Author
Caste
In Caste, Isabel Wilkerson argues that American racism is sustained by a deeper architecture of inherited social ranking. She uses “caste” to describe a system that assigns status, authority, vulnerability, and presumed worth according to ancestry and group membership, whether or not individual participants consciously endorse it. Her main focus is the United States, but she develops the argument through comparisons with caste in India and Nazi Germany’s racial order. Historical episodes, reported encounters, biographical portraits, and experiences from Wilkerson’s own life show how hierarchy operates through law, custom, violence, etiquette, and ordinary assumptions. The book organizes these mechanisms into eight recurring pillars, including heredity, endogamy, dehumanization, occupational hierarchy, and enforcement through terror. Its central challenge is to look beyond personal prejudice and examine the durable social structure that teaches people where they supposedly belong—and w…